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Julius Caesar, born into the gens Iulia, a small fortune patrician family, was related to some of the most influential men of his time, like his uncle Gaius Marius, who a decisive influence on his political career. At 84 a. C., at 16 years, the popular Flemish name him dialis Cinna, religious position which was relieved by Sila, with whom she had conflicts because of his marriage to the daughter of Cinna. After escaping death at the hands of the assassins of the dictator, was pardoned through the intercession of his mother's relatives. Moved to Asia, fought in the Third War as legatus Mithridatic of Thermo minute mark. He returned to Rome after the death of Sulla in 78 a. C., exercising for a while law. At 73 a. C. succeeded his uncle Gaius Aurelius Cotta as pontiff, and soon became involved with the consuls Pompey and Crassus, whose amicitia let them cast their own political career. At 70 a. C. Cesar served as quaestor in the province of Hispania and as mayor seat in Rome. During the performance of the judiciary offered some shows that were long remembered by the people.

At 63 a. C. was elected praetor urbanus to get more votes than other candidates for the praetor. That same year he died FifthCaecilius Metellus Pius, Pontifex Maximus appointed during the dictatorship of Sulla, and in elections to replace, defeated Caesar. After his propraetor served as praetor in Hispania, where he led a brief campaign against the Lusitanian. At 59 a. C. was elected consul with the support of his two political allies, Pompey and Crassus, the men named Caesar formed the First Triumvirate. His colleague in the consulship, Bibulus, retired to hinder the work of Caesar, however, managed to bring forward a series of legislative measures, among which an agrarian law regulating the distribution of land among the veterans.

After his consulate was appointed proconsul of the province of Transalpine Gaul, Illyria and Gaul, the latter after the death of its governor, quickly. His rule was characterized by a very aggressive policy in which underwent almost all Celtic peoples in several campaigns. This conflict, known as the Gallic Wars, ended when the Republican General won the Battle of Alesia the last pockets of opposition, led by a chief named Vercingetorix Chieftain. His conquests extended the Roman dominion over the territories that today make up France, Belgium,Holland and part of Germany. It was the first Roman general to penetrate the unexplored territories of Britain and Germany.

While Caesar finished organizing the administrative structure of the new province had been annexed to the Republic, his political enemies in Rome tried to rob him of his army and by using the Senate, which were the majority. Caesar, knowing that if he entered the capital would be tried and exiled, submitted to the consulate tried in absentia, to which most senators refused. This and other factors led him to defy orders and starring in the famous Senate crossing of the Rubicon, where apparently uttered the immortal phrase "Alea IACT est" (the chips are down) to start a conflict known as the Civil War of the Republic Rome, which faced the optimates, who were led by his old ally, Pompey. His victory, based on the defeats inflicted on the Conservatives in Pharsalia and Munda Thapsus made him the master of the Republic. The fact that he was at war with half of the Roman world did not stop Pharnaces II will take on in Zela and the enemies of Cleopatra VII in Alexandria. On his return to Rome was appointed consul and dictator perpetuus dictator for life, and began a series of reformseconomic, urban and administrative.

While under his rule the Republic experienced a brief period of prosperity, some senators saw Caesar as a tyrant whose ambition to restore the monarchy. In order to eliminate the threat posed by the dictator, a group of senators, including some of his trusted men like Brutus and Cassius and former lieutenants as Trebonius and Decimus Brutus, hatched a conspiracy to eliminate him. This plot culminated in the Ides of March, the conspirators killed Caesar in the Senate.